• The fabrics decompose within four months, reducing landfill pollution and clothing waste.
• They help in the early detection of healthcare conditions and take precautionary measures.

A team of researchers from multiple universities, including the University of Southampton and UWE Bristol, has developed a new form of wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles) called SWEET.

Smart, Wearable, and Eco-friendly Electronic Textiles, or SWEET, is a fully inkjet-printed, eco-friendly e-textile that combines sustainability and biodegradability with advanced functionality. It can monitor human physiology, such as heart rate and body temperature, and also reduce environmental impact.

Professor Nazmul Karim at the University of Southampton’s Winchester School of Art said: “Integrating electrical components into conventional textiles complicates the recycling of the material because it often contains metals, such as silver, that don’t easily biodegrade. Our potential ecofriendly approach for selecting sustainable materials and manufacturing overcomes this, enabling the fabric to decompose when it is disposed of.

"Amid rising pollution from landfill sites, our study helps to address a lack of research in the area of biodegradation of e-textiles. These materials will become increasingly more important in our lives, particularly in the area of healthcare, so it’s really important we consider how to make them more eco-friendly, both in their manufacturing and disposal.”

E-Textiles Meaning

These are fabrics in which electrical components like sensors, batteries, or lights are embedded. They are used in fashion for aesthetic purposes, sportswear for tracking performance metrics, and healthcare to monitor people’s vital signs.

Challenges in Traditional E-Textiles

One of the primary challenges in conventional e-textiles is that they are difficult to recycle due to the presence of non-biodegradable materials, such as silver. When disposed of, these materials stay longer in the environment, causing waste and water pollution.

Why is SWEET Different?

SWEET, according to the researchers, can solve the issues mentioned above. Tencel, a biodegradable material made from renewable sources, is used in its development, while sensors incorporated into the fabric are made from graphene and a polymer called PEDOT: PSS. Both are inkjet-printed onto the fabric, reducing waste.

Marzia Dulal from UWE Bristol, a Commonwealth PhD Scholar and the first author of the study, said: “Our life cycle analysis shows that graphene-based e-textiles have a fraction of the environmental footprint compared to traditional electronics. This makes them a more responsible choice for industries looking to reduce their ecological impact.”

To test its applicability, the researchers attached SWEET fabrics to gloves worn by volunteers. It reliably measured heart rate and temperature, meeting industry standards. Also, they buried the fabric in the soil and found that it decomposed within four months.

To learn more about the study, click here.

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Source: University of Southampton