A failing governance structure propagated by a management without a strategy for the energy transition was behind Engine No. 1's quest to bring independence to ExxonMobil's board.

Governments, companies and individuals are taking steps to cut their carbon footprints and enable the energy transition which includes electric vehicles and renewable energy such as wind turbines and solar.

"Management has prevented these engineers from unleashing the power they have to create value in the energy transition," James said, adding that ExxonMobil had outperformed Chevron since Engine No. 1's intervention.

"Japanese automakers have made a bet that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are the future, not battery electric vehicles, and we believe that is a mistake by the Japanese automakers and an opportunity for GM and Ford," he said.

Battery powered electric vehicles, create an opportunity for General Motors to win an enormous share of the market this decade, James said.

Oil majors such as BP facing mounting pressure from regulators and investors have moved to develop cleaner energy and divest from fossil fuels, a primary source of greenhouse-gas emissions that cause global warming.

Three of four people with energy transition experience nominated by Engine No. 1 joined ExxonMobil's board earlier this year.

ExxonMobil has instead invested in new projects in the oil and gas arena that should not have been approved and wasted capital, James said, adding that the company had some of the most talented engineers in the world.

"There is significant growth potential in the low-carbon opportunities where we can leverage our competencies in technology, engineering, and project development," Exxon's emailed response said. In response to a request for comment ExxonMobil said: "We evaluate our investments across a range of scenarios – including net-zero pathways – and we look forward to sharing more details in the coming months."

ExxonMobil has been an outlier in transparency and accountability in its environmental impact, James said in an interview at the Reuters Next Conference.

ExxonMobil's shares are up around 60% since November 2020 when Engine No. 1 bought them compared with roughly 30% for Chevron. 1's portfolio, James said, which is why the hedge fund took a stake in General Motors , where the board is fully behind management's plans. It needs to look at the energy transition as an opportunity to be part of the solution instead of the problem."

"During my lifetime, GM haven't had the opportunity to gain as much share as they will have in the next 10 years."