Saudi Aramco, the leading oil and gas producer in Saudi Arabia, is known for its exclusive rights to explore, produce, and refine the country's hydrocarbons. With a production volume of 12.8 million barrels of oil equivalent per day in 2023, including a substantial amount of liquids, it holds the title of the largest oil and gas producer globally. Additionally, Saudi Aramco boasts the world's fourth-largest refining capacity at 4.1 million barrels per day and ranks among the top five global chemical companies with 59.6 million metric tons of chemical manufacturing capacity. This company has a severe risk assessment with an ESG score of 42.5.